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H5N1 viruses particularly cause high mortality in both birds and humans. Over 600 human cases with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses have been reported by the World Health Organization from several countries across the globe since November 2003 with approximately 60% fatality. H5N1 viruses have emerged by continual antigenic drift in poultry and wild bird populations with distinct geographical distribution. Airborne transmission of H5N1 virus in humans has not been previously reported and occurs upon long-term exposure of care givers to infected patients. A few mutations in H5N1 viruses, primarily in the receptor binding site (RBS) of H5 hemagglutinin (HA), enabled the virus to transmit via droplets in ferrets.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specifically generated against HPAI H5N1 viruses have the potential to be used in detection. Furthermore, neutralizing MAbs can prospectively be applied as an alternate strategy to combat influenza A (H5N1) virus, as prop