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Virus-like particles (VLPs) are virus-resembling nanoparticles formed by viral structural proteins but do not have any core genetic material. Because VLPs are not infective, they are considered as one powerful tool for a broad spectrum of applications, including vaccines, antibody development, lipoparticle technology, delivery systems, bioimaging and cell targeting, etc.<br /><br />Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family with a genome of about 8,000 base pairs. The HPV genome is composed of six early ORFs (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, and E7), two late ORFs (L1 and L2), and a non-coding long control region (LCR). HPV can invades into the host cells by integrating genomes with the host genome. The genome integration disrupts E2 ORF thus preventing E2 repression on E6 and E7. Infection on host cells increases E6 and E7 expression which promotes cellular proliferation and the chance of malignancy.