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The surface of influenza A viruses (IAVs) is decorated with the glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), that are together responsible for the surface interactions of the virus with a host cell. HA provides a means of host cell recognition to the virus by binding specifically to sialoglycan receptors, while NA prevents aggregation and entrapment of the virus by cleaving off the sialic acid end groups from the same receptors. The functional balance of receptor binding and cleaving has been recognized as a key factor of virus proliferation and adaptation to different hosts.