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MicroRNA (miRNA) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21 to 23 nucleotides.Found in plants, animals and some viruses, miRNAs are involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.miRNAs base-pair to complementary sequences in mRNA molecules. miRNAs are abundant in many mammalian cell types and as extracellular circulating miRNAs.Circulating miRNAs are released into body fluids including blood and cerebrospinal fluid and have the potential to be available as biomarkers in a number of diseases.MiRNAs appear to target about 60% of the genes of humans and other mammals.Many miRNAs are evolutionarily conserved, which implies that they have important biological functions.