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The endocrine function of the heart, first reported in 1981, enabled the monitoring of cardiac physiology via blood-based biomarkers. Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) is a neurohormone generated in the heart by cardiomyocytes and secreted rapidly into the blood stream in response to changes in pressure, caused by atrial stretching, increased blood flow, or inflammation. NT-proBNP has been a predictor of acute heart failure and mortality. Furthermore, increased levels of NT-proBNP correlate with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and abnormal ventricular systolic function.