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Chemokine CC ligand 16 (CCL16) is a small molecule cytokine in the CC chemokine family, also known as NCC-4, liver expression chemokine (LEC), and lymphocyte and monocyte chemokine (LMC). This chemokine is expressed by the liver, thymus and spleen and is chemotactic to monocytes and lymphocytes. The expression of CCL16 can be strongly induced by IL-10, IFN-γ and bacterial lipopolysaccharide in monocytes. In addition, CCL16 induces its effects on cells by interacting with cell surface chemokine receptors such as CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and CCR8. The chemokine can inhibit the rapid proliferation of bone marrow progenitor cells.