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Official Full Name: galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
Galactose-1-phosphate uridine transferase (GALT) catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, which is the conversion of udp-glucose + galactose-1-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate + udp-galactose. Deficiency of this enzyme results in typical galactosemia in humans, which can be fatal in the neonatal period if lactose is not removed from the diet. The pathophysiology of galactosemia is not well defined. Two transcript variants of this gene have been found to encode different isoforms.