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A number of approaches are available for the synthesis of silver NPs. For example, silver ions are reduced by chemical, electrochemical, radiation, and photochemical methods, and Langmuir–Blodgett, and biological techniques. Among those methods, biological syntheses are not only a good way to fabricate benign nanostructure materials, but also to reduce the use or generation of hazardous substances to human health and the environment.
Capsicum annuum L. is a traditional vegetable in China and northern America, and is largely cultivated in many countries. It is available in supermarkets and is inexpensive. In addition, no toxicity, compared to other reducing agents, makes it an ideal multifunctional agent for the production of nanomaterials. The Capsicum annuum L. extract contains a lot of biomolecules, such as proteins/ enzymes, polysaccharides, amino acids and vitamins, et al.,which could be used as reductants to react with silver ions and as scaffolds to direct the formation of silver NPs in solution.