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Penicillium marneffei is endemic in parts of southeastern Asia. Although it has been isolated from bamboo rats, the ecological niche in nature is unknown. The disease is an important endemic opportunistic infection of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with involvement of lungs, lymph nodes, liver, kidney, skin, and bone.<br />A real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR, or qPCR) is a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on the polymerase chain reaction(PCR). It monitors the amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR(i.e.,in real time), not at its end, as in conventional PCR.<br />Two common methods for the detection of PCR products in real-time PCR are(1)non-specific fluorescent dyes that intercalate with any double-stranded DNA and (2)sequence-specific DNA probes consisting of oligonucleotides that are labelled with a fluorescent reporter, which permits detection only after hybridization of the probe with its complementary sequence.