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Official Full Name: serum amyloid A1
Also known as: SAA; PIG4; SAA2; TP53I4
This gene encodes a member of the serum amyloid A family of apolipoproteins. The encoded preproprotein undergoes proteolytic processing to generate the mature protein. This protein is a major acute phase protein that is highly expressed in response to inflammation and tissue injury. This protein also plays an important role in high-density lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. High levels of this protein have been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and Crohn's disease. The protein may also be a potential biomarker for certain tumors. Finally, antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli resides in the N-terminal portion of the mature protein. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. A pseudogene of this gene has been found on chromosome 11.