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Analysis of Signal Transduction by Phospho Flow Cytometry (CAT#: STEM-CBT-0069-WXH)

Introduction

When a cell needs to convey a signal from receptors on the cell surface, or in response to conditions within the cell itself, post-translational modifications (PTMs) are often a key method of perpetuating that signal. The purpose of PTMs is generally to alter the activity, stability, or function of a protein, and principle among the PTMs is phosphorylation. Phosphorylation is the most well-studied modification used in cell signaling cascades.
Phospho-specific flow cytometry is an approach for analyzing and interpreting posttranslational modifications at the single-cell level. This innovation enables the simultaneous and high-throughput examination of two or more phospho-epitopes within multiple cell populations




Principle

Phospho-specific antibodies are designed to bind to a protein only when that protein is phosphorylated at a specific amino acid. If the protein is only functional when phosphorylated at that amino acid, then the amount of antibody binding becomes a direct readout of the functional activity of that protein within the cell.

Applications

• Investigate multiple activated proteins at the same time.
• Screen for compounds that either enhance or inhibit certain signaling pathways.
• Study Signaling in Human PBMCs(human pertipheral blood mononuclear cells) and other cells.
• Diagnostic testing.
• Statistical mapping of signaling networks.
• High-throughput drug screening.

Procedure

1.Isolation, preparation, and stimulation of cells of interest
2.Fixation and permeabilization
3.staining for surface antigens and phospho-proteins
4.multiparameter flow cytometry analysis.

Materials

1. Phospho-specific antibodies: according to the type of cell to be detected
2. Fluorophore conjugated with
phospho-specific antibody

Notes

1.Requires a protocol that enables the antibody to cross the plasma membrane and reach targets within the cell;
2.The cells must be fixed in order to stop biological activity and prevent the levels of phosphorylation from changing over the course of an experiment.

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