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Salmonella has several flagella on the cell surface. Each flagellum consists of tens of thousands of flagellin molecules, allowing host cells to acquire both innate and adaptive immune responses to flagellin. Toll-like receptor 5 recognizes flagellin to activate the host immune system. Salmonella typhimurium has a murine reservoir where it produces a typhoid fever-like disease. Salmonella Typhimurium also is a primary enteric pathogen that can infect humans and other animals. Infection begins with the ingestion of contaminated food or water, allowing Salmonella to reach the intestinal epithelium, and to cause gastrointestinal disease.