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C-type lectins (CTLs) are a large class of protein superfamily containing one or more C-type lectins like domains. At present, nearly 1 000 CTLs have been discovered successively, and they can be divided into 17 subtypes according to their different phylogeny and structure. CTLs can bind a variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands, the main ligand of which is sugar complex. In addition, more and more studies have found that CTLs can also recognize proteins, lipids, inorganic molecules, ice crystals and other non-sugar ligands.