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Functional interfaces occur naturally in biology and are being developed for personal care, biomedical and biotechnologies. A key problem is to understand how the constituent molecules assemble or can be assembled into supramolecular interfacial structures with particular functional properties. Many classes of structures can be fabricated by the sequential adsorption of surfactants, polymers, micelles, liposomes and nanoparticles with diverse properties.
The rational design of layer-by-layer deposited biopolymer films is underpinned by measurements of their growth characteristics and functional properties.