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Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) are nanoscale materials that have been envisioned to have applications in next-generation devices to enhance functionality, perform in superior ways, and allow for high integrability and reductions in cost. This is due to their unique growth modes and one-dimensional geometry, which can provide a promising solution to the problems caused by the bottle necks that occur in traditional thin-film technologies, e.g., the challenges to integrate III-V materials into Si. NWs also offer new ways to construct novel structures with advanced functionality that are not attainable in thin-film technologies. The NWs are highly suitable for applications in photoenergy, as they can provide superior solar energy harvesting functions compared with thin-film devices, including antireflection, large absorption cross sections, light trapping, and advanced carrier generation and separation mechanisms.