Detection and/or Quantification of Salmonella Typhimurium by Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) / -Dissipation (QCM-D) (CAT#: STEM-MB-0797-CJ)

Introduction

Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped (bacillus) Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The two species of Salmonella are Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. S. enterica is the type species and is further divided into six subspecies that include over 2,600 serotypes. Salmonella species are non-spore-forming, predominantly motile enterobacteria with cell diameters between about 0.7 and 1.5 μm, lengths from 2 to 5 μm, and peritrichous flagella (all around the cell body, allowing them to move). They are chemotrophs, obtaining their energy from oxidation and reduction reactions, using organic sources. They are also facultative anaerobes, capable of generating ATP with oxygen ("aerobically") when it is available, or using other electron acceptors or fermentation ("anaerobically") when oxygen is not available.

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Principle Applications Procedure Materials Notes Related Products

Principle

The basic principle of QCM is the piezoelectric effect of quartz crystal. Upon an alternating voltage applied to the two poles of the quartz crystal, the quartz crystal of QCM produces mechanical vibration or oscillation. This resonance is greatly sensitive to the thickness of the crystal/electrode system and the frequency of the acoustic frequency. Once the mass on the quartz crystal increases or decreases, the resonance will be disturbed and the resonance frequency of the quartz crystal will change. Thus, the mass variation on the quartz crystal electrode surface is transformed into the frequency variation of the output electric signal of the quartz crystal oscillation and is further transformed into the high-precision data by the computer.

Applications

Microbiology; Immunology

Procedure

1. Sensor preparation, reduce the risk of damaging or contaminating the sensor surface.
2. Preparation of sample liquids.
3. Places the sensor into the flow cell and ensures perfect alignment.
4. Instant identification of specific sensors by unique ID number.
5. Using quarter turn bayonet type sealed flow cell.
6. Enter the experiment details in the information panel.
7. Display frequency and dissipation in real time.
8. Observe the bubble-free filling through the transparent window.
9. Electronic log file detects all steps in the measurement process.
10. Export and analyze the data.

Materials

• Sample: Proteins; Microbes; Nucleic Acids; Enzymes; Cells; Polymers; Small molecules; Antibody; Lipids; Virus-like particles (VLPs);
• Equipment: Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) / Quartz Crystal Microbalance-Dissipation (QCM-D)
• Running buffer
• (Optional) PBS solution

Notes

1. QCM is an extremely sensitive mass balance that measures nanogram to microgram level changes in mass per unit area.
2. QCM detection limit is approximately 250 ng mL−1, which is similar to that of the existing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
3. Unlike traditional QCM, the QCM with an added D measures an additional parameter, namely the dissipation factor. so QCM-D has great advantages in providing binding kinetics information by virtue of its label-free breadth of applicability, low cost, and sensing unique mass distribution and viscoelastic behavior aspects of whole-cell responses in real time.

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