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Bacteriorhodopsin is the pigment protein in the purple membrane of halophilic bacterium Halobacterium halobacterium. With a molecular weight of 26,000, there are 7 α helix chains in 1 molecule, and each chain is interwoven with purple membrane in the form of cross-sectional membrane, which are intrinsic membrane proteins. As a chromophore, it contains 1 molecule of retinoid like rhodopsin, and is called bacteriorhodopsin because its chemical properties are similar to rhodopsin.