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Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor occurring on the mucous membrane of the bladder. It is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system and one of the ten most common tumors of the whole body. The etiology of bladder cancer is complex, with both internal genetic factors and external environmental factors. Two clear risk factors are smoking and occupational exposure to aromatic amines. Smoking is the most certain risk factor for bladder cancer at present, 30% ~ 50% of bladder cancer is caused by smoking, smoking can increase the risk of bladder cancer by 2 ~ 6 times, with the extension of smoking time, the incidence of bladder cancer is significantly increased. Another important risk factor is associated with a range of occupations or occupational exposures.