Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli (O55:B5), STEMCELL Technologies (CAT#: STEM-CT-0747-ZJF)

Trigger a variety of immunological responses with E. coli Lipopolysaccharide O55:B5 (S-form), a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the O55:B5 serotype of the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. Composed of a lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen, LPS are glycolipid constituents that reside on the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria (Kitchens RL et al.). LPS protects bacteria against bile salts and lipophilic antibiotics by maintaining the outer integrity of the cell membrane (Bäckhed F et al.). E. coli Lipopolysaccharide O55:B5 (S-form), in particular, is predominantly recognized by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which leads to the activation of NF-κβ, a protein complex which plays a key role in regulating immune response (Kuzmich N et al.). Activation of NF-κβ can trigger increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α by macrophages (Matuschak GM et al.). This LPS can also interact with CD14 to activate phospholipase Cγ2 and kinases of the Src family, trigger influxes of extracellular Ca2+, as well as calcineurin-dependent translocation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors (Li CC et al.).

Application: Activation, Cell Culture
Area of Interest: Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Neuroscience
Purity: Ultrapure (≥ 99.9%). No detectable DNA, RNA, or protein traces.

Reliable Consistency: Guarantees uniformity and repeatability in various applications with endotoxin levels below 0.2 EU/μg.
Free of Animal Components: Completely devoid of any animal or human-derived elements.
Broad Selection: Offers a wide range of human, mouse, and rat cytokines available in multiple sizes.

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