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Autophagy is a kind of "self-feeding" phenomenon, through the degradation of damaged or excess proteins, organelles and other cytoplasmic components in the cell, so as to achieve the metabolic needs of the cell itself and the renewal of organelles. Under normal circumstances, autophagy helps maintain cell homeostasis and prevent the accumulation of damaged proteins or organelles in the cell. Through the formation and extension of phagocytic vesicles, autophagosomes are generated and then fused with lysosomes to form autophagolysosomes, which degrade cell polymers and damaged organelles and provide nutrients and energy for cell renewal.