Nucleic Acid–Nucleic Acid Interaction

Nucleic acid is a class of biopolymers, an essential component of all known forms of life, and the most important of all biomolecules. It widely exists in all animal and plant cells and microorganisms. DNA is at the centre of life, carrying genetic information that controls the huge breadth of living processes. But DNA doesn't work alone, interacting with other nucleic acids – DNA and RNA – as well as different types of proteins. These interactions influence various biological processes, from the packing and transcription of DNA to its replication and repair.

Types

• DNA–DNA interactions
  DNA is a polymer with unusual physical properties that, at times, appear to contradict one another. For example, DNA carries a large negative charge, yet under the right conditions, DNA molecules attract and condense into a compact state. DNA-DNA interactions play a vital role in a number of processes and are hypothesised to be key to large-scale chromosome organisation.
• DNA–RNA interactions
  Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) can anneal to its double-stranded DNA template (co-transcriptionally or post-transcriptionally) creating an R-loop comprised of an RNA-DNA hybrid (RDH) duplex and a displaced single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Roughly 60% of human genes contain RDH-forming sequences with functions in a variety of processes including transcription, replication, and chromosome segregation.
• RNA–RNA interactions
  RNA–RNA interactions underlie key steps in gene expression control in an organized and probably hierarchic system to dictate final protein output. Both small (especially miRNAs) and long coding and noncoding RNAs contain structural domains that can sense and bind other RNAs via complementary base pairing. The versatility of the interaction confers multiple roles to RNA–RNA hybrids, from control of RNA biogenesis to competition for common targets.

Methods

• MS2-RIP
  The principle of MS2-RIP technology is to pull down the corresponding RNA-protein complex through the GEP antibody with Protein G magnetic beads. After separation and purification, the RNA bound to the complex was analyzed by q-PCR verification or sequencing.
• Dual Luciferase Reporter System
  The dual luciferase reporter gene is usually made with renilla luciferase as an internal control to normalize the detection of the firefly luciferase reporter gene. Its advantage is that normalization can eliminate the changes that weaken the accuracy of the experiment during the experiment, such as the number of cultured cells, the efficiency of cell transfection and lysis, etc.

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STEMart provides you with a variety of nucleic acid-nucleic acid interaction technology equipment or consumables to meet your various R&D and application needs. If you have any questions or requirements for molecular interactions, please feel free to contact us.