Physical Synthesis

There are mainly three types of approaches for the synthesis of nanoparticles: the physical, chemical, and biological approaches. The physical synthesis of nanoparticles is also called the top-down approach, in which bulk materials are fragmented to create nano-structured materials.

Common Physical Synthesis Techniques

• Mechanical Milling: This process involves grinding bulk materials using high-energy ball mills inside containers. The mechanical energy generates sufficient forces to produce nanoparticles.
• Lithography: Techniques like photolithography and electron-beam lithography can define patterns on a substrate, which can be used to create nanoparticles with precise shapes and sizes.
• Etching: This technique involves removing material from a solid surface to create nanoparticles, often used in microfabrication processes.
• Laser Ablation: A focused laser beam is used to vaporize a target material, and the vapor condenses to form nanoparticles.
• Sputtering: This method involves bombarding a target material (solid) with high-energy ions, which dislodge atoms from the surface. These atoms can then form nanoparticles on a substrate.
• Electrospinning: It is generally used to produce nanofibers from a wide variety of materials, most often polymers. Coaxial electrospinning is an effective and simple way for achieving core–shell and hollow polymer, inorganic, organic, and hybrid nanofibers.
• Electron Explosion: A high current pulse is applied on a thin metal wire, causing it to vaporize, ionize, expand, and cool. The condensed vapor finally forms the nanoparticles.
• Sonication: The most crucial method for creation of nanofluids.
• Pulsed Wire Discharge: A pulsating current is used to vaporize a metal wire, and the vapor is subsequently cooled by an ambient gas to form nanoparticles.
• Arc Discharge: Two graphite rods are adjusted in a chamber with a constant helium pressure, Arc discharge between the ends of the graphite rods drives the vaporization of carbon rods. It is well-recognized for creating carbon-based nanoparticles.

Our Advantages of Physical Synthesis Service

STEMart employs proprietary technique and precisely control the processing parameters, such as source material, temperatures, time, pressure, cooling rate, and atmosphere, to achieve the successful production of nanoparticles with desired characteristics tailored to specific application.

• Comprehensive analysis of customer demand
• High purity of materials to minimize contamination and ensure the desired properties of the nanoparticles
• Precise control over the particle size, morphology and crystallinity

For more information about our nanoparticle physical synthesis service, please contact us.