Thalassemia is one of the most common hereditary diseases in the world. Blood routine and hemoglobin analysis are the main screening methods for thalassemia. Clinically, it is mainly divided into α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia, which is a hereditary hemolytic anemia caused by the deficiency or absence of synthesis of α or β globin chain due to the mutation or deletion of α or β globin gene, and the life span of red blood cells is shortened.