Rat Recombinant TNF-alpha, STEMCELL Technologies (CAT#: STEM-CT-1011-ZJF)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that activates NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Activated T cells and macrophages are the primary producers of TNF-α in response to inflammation and infectious conditions. Many other cell types have been shown to produce TNF-α, among them B cells, NK cells, mast cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, microglia, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts. TNF-α has cytotoxic effects on cancerous cells by stimulating anti-tumor immunosuppressive responses. TNF-α stimulates expression of E- and P-selectins, thus facilitating adhesion of neutrophils, monocytes, and memory T cells to activated platelets and endothelial cells (Zelová & Hošek). Other effects of TNF-α include vasodilatation and edema formation. In vitro studies of adult rat neural progenitor cells (NPCs) demonstrate that TNF-α reduces neurogenesis in dentate gyrus-derived NPCs, and promotes astrogliogenesis in subventricular zone-derived NPCs (Borsini et al.).

Subtype: Cytokines
Alternatives Names: Cachectin, Cytotoxin, Differentiation-inducing factor, DIF, Necrosin, TNFA, TNFSF2, Tumor necrosis factor
Cell Type: Granulocytes and Subsets, Monocytes, T Cells
Species: Rat
Area of Interest: Immunology
Molecular Weight: 17.4 kDa
Purity: ≥ 95%

Reliable Consistency: Guarantees uniformity and repeatability in various applications with endotoxin levels below 0.2 EU/μg.
Free of Animal Components: Completely devoid of any animal or human-derived elements.
Broad Selection: Offers a wide range of human, mouse, and rat cytokines available in multiple sizes.

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