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Recombinant antibodies use molecular biology methods to clone the heavy chain and light chain or fragment regions of antibodies into mammalian cell expression vectors for high-efficiency expression to obtain full-length antibodies and antibody fragments of different antibody segments. Polyclonal antibodies prepared by traditional methods are susceptible to the impact of production batches in application. Monoclonal antibody cell lines have risks such as antibody chromosome loss, cell growth stoppage or death after recovery, while recombinant antibodies have known sequences, and antibody genes can be stored for a long time. The antibody has stable properties and good experimental repeatability. It is a standardized antibody production process, which avoids the risk factors in the production and storage of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
The production of recombinant proteins mainly includes four major systems: prokaryotic cells (the most commonly used Escherichia coli), mammalian cells (commonly used cells CHO, HEK293), eukaryotic cells (yeast) and baculovirus-insect cells. Among them, Escherichia coli is the most commonly used host bacteria for expressing recombinant proteins, and has been applied to the production of many high-value recombinant proteins.