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The hippocampus proper refers to the actual structure of the hippocampus which is made up of three regions or subfields. The subfields CA1, CA2, and CA3 use the initials of cornu Ammonis, an earlier name of the hippocampus. CA1 is the first region in the hippocampal circuit, from which a major output pathway goes to layer V of the entorhinal cortex. Another significant output is to the subiculum.
Within the hippocampal memory system, CA1 neurons are critically involved the formation, consolidation, and retrieval of hippocampal-dependant memories. Recent high-resolution volumetry did show an association between CA1 volume and episodic memory retrieval.