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DNA adsorption on a solid surface is important in various fields, such as in DNA-based biosensing, DNA microarrays, DNA hybridization studies, a small molecule−DNA interaction study, mesoporous silica nanoparticle-based gene delivery, and DNA separation and purification through solid-phase extraction. Double-stranded DNA is a highly negatively charged biomacromolecule. Thus, studying DNA adsorption on a surface will help determine the adsorption process of highly negatively charged polyelectrolytes on the liquid−solid interface.
Double-stranded DNA can interact with cation, forming a DNA/cation complex. Different cations cause different interactions with the bases and phosphate groups of DNA.