TGF-α Detection (CAT#: STEM-MB-0250-WXH)

Introduction

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) is the second member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand family after epidermal growth factor (EGF) was discovered. It is produced by macrophages, brain cells and keratinocytes and can induce the development of epithelium and has similar effects to EGF. TGF-α can specifically bind to EGFR, which is currently widely studied, and activate its downstream signaling pathways. It plays a series of biological functions such as regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumor. The expression of TGF-α gene is up-regulated in some human cancers, which is related to tumor metastasis and invasion, so it is expected to become a target or tool for tumor treatment. And TGF-α can stimulate the proliferation of nerve cells in the damaged adult brain.

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Principle Applications Procedure Materials Notes Related Products

Principle

TGF-α, a transmembrane precursor protein, is cleaved by specific proteases, releases a soluble mature form containing an EGF-like domain. After binding to TGF-α, EGFR forms a dimer and the kinase domain is activated. Tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR results in the recruitment of molecules with adapter or enzyme functions and activates downstream signaling pathways. The GRB2-associated son of sevenless (SOS) activates RAS by converting GDT to GTP. Active RAS recruits RAF kinases, which induces a series of kinase cascades, including phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Activated ERK1/2 further phosphorylates a variety of cytosolic proteins and translocates them to the nucleus, thereby activating the expression of transcription factors such as c-fos and c-jun. This results in changes in cell gene expression, affecting cell behavior, such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and malignant transformation.

Applications

Study of epithelial cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation.
Study of tumor metastasis and invasion.

Procedure

1. Process samples.
2. TGF-α detection (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Flow cytometry).
3. Analysis results.

Notes

Sample Types-Blood, serum, plasma, cell culture supernatant, cell lysate, cell culture medium, tissue homogenate, urine, tumor, etc.

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