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Tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β), also known as lymphotoxin-α(LT-α), is a cytotoxic protein of the TNF superfamily, which is mainly expressed by T and B lymphocytes. TNF-β is encoded by the LTA gene in the human genome, and expression is highly inducible. The expressed TNF-β can either form a soluble homotrimeric molecule or form a heterotrimer with lymphotoxin-β (LT-β). By binding to LT-β, TNF-β can be anchored on the cell surface by the form LT-α 1 -β 2 complex.