Transforming GF-β (TGF-β) detection service (CAT#: STEM-MB-0251-WXH)

Introduction

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a group of structurally similar transforming growth factors that have multiple functions to regulate cell functions, such as regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, cell migration, and cell adhesion. In addition, they play important roles in embryonic development, immune monitoring, and stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Furthermore, TGF-β plays an important role in maintaining the normal structure of the vascular wall and has a certain protective effect on atherosclerosis. In endothelial cells, TGF-β inhibits the activation of endothelial cells and reduces the recruitment of lymphocytes by inhibiting the expression of the adhesion factor E-selectin. The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells can be inhibited by TGF-β, which promote collagen formation, and proliferate extracellular matrix. Besides, TGF-β can affect the uptake of fat particles by macrophages, thereby reducing the formation of foam cells.

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Principle Applications Procedure Materials Notes Related Products

Principle

The TGF-β family transmits signals mainly through Smad family proteins. According to different functions, Smad proteins are divided into 3 categories. The first category is receptor regulated Smad (R-Smad), including Smad1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad5, and Smad8; the second category is co-mediator Smad (Co-Smad), including Smad4; the third category is inhibitory Smad (I-Smad), including Smad6 and Smad7. TGF-β participates in regulating cell function by binding to TGF-β receptors on the cell surface. TGF-β binds to cell surface TGF-β receptors to phosphorylate the receptor. The phosphorylated receptor recruits and phosphorylates the downstream molecule R-Smads. In this process, the helper protein SARA is required to make R-Smad easily bind to the phosphorylated receptor. When the SSXS motif at the C-terminus of the R-Smad protein is phosphorylated, it is dissociated from the receptor complex, forms a heterodimer complex with Co-Smad. The complex is transferred into the nucleus, and regulates the target gene with transcription factors.

Applications

Study of cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, cell migration, and cell adhesion.
Study of embryonic development, immune monitoring, and stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.

Procedure

1. Process samples.
2. TGF-β detection (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Flow cytometry).
3. Analysis results.

Notes

Sample Types-Blood, serum, plasma, cell culture supernatant, cell lysate, cell culture medium, tissue homogenate, urine, tumor, etc.

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