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Thromboembolic disorders such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism are the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in Western societies.The dabigatran etexilate, is a novel, potent, nonpeptidic direct thrombin inhibitor. The orally administered double prodrug is hydrolized in vivo by esterases into the active form, dabigatran. It can bind reversibly to the active site of both free and clot-bound thrombin, thus effectively preventing the formation of fibrin clots for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Antibodies and antibody fragments such as fragment antigen binding (Fab) can be used as antidotes for toxins and drugs. With Fabs, intoxications with digoxin and colchicine can be treated and the effect of desipramine can be reversed.