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Determination of Potassium (K) by Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) (CAT#: STEM-EA-0066-ZJF)

Introduction

We provide the determination of Potassium (K) with the detection limit of 10 ppm by Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA). We also offer simultaneous multi-element analysis and the analysis of 75 individual elements (including certain organic elements) at trace and ultra-trace concentrations by NAA.
Analytical capabilities and detection limits (ppm): H-1, B-1, N-500, O-500, F-1000, Ne-100, Na-1.0, Mg-100, Al-10, Si-1000, P-1000, Cl-1.0, Ar-0.1, K-10, Ca-1000, Sc-0.1, Ti-100, V-1.0, Cr-10, Mn-0.1, Fe-100, Co-1.0, Ni-100, Cu-10, Zn-10, Ga-1.0, Ge-100, As-0.01, Se-10, Br-0.1, Kr-1.0, Rb-10, Sr-100, Y-100, Zr-100, Nb-1000, Mo-10, Ru-10, Rh-100, Pd-10, Ag-1.0, Cd-10, In-0.01, Sn-10, Sb-0.1, Te-0.1, I-0.1, Xe-1.0, Cs-1.0, Ba-10, La-0.1, Ce-10, Pr-1.0, Nd-100, Sm-0.1, Eu-1.0, Gd-10, Tb-1.0, Dy-0.1, Ho-1.0, Er-10, Tm-1, Yb-0.1, Lu-0.01, Hf-0.1, Ta-1.0, W-0.1, Re-1.0, Os-100, Ir-0.1, Pt-10, Au-0.01, Hg-10, Th-1.0, U-0.1.
NAA is one of the most sensitive and accurate analytical techniques for multi-element analysis today. The major advantages of NAA include:
• Simpler pre-treatment of samples compared with other techniques. Typically the sample only needs to be reduced to a more suitable size for packaging and the irradiation process.
• Non–destructive. Therefore, it does not suffer from the errors associated with yield determinations and is ideal for expensive or irreplaceable samples.
• No sample digestion, extraction, volume loss, or dilution required.
• High precision. Reproducibility of quality controls is often better than 2% relative standard deviation (RSD).
• Samples as small as a few micrograms can be analyzed.
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Principle

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is an analytical technique for element determination based on nuclear reactions whereby the elemental content is determined by irradiating the subject sample with neutrons, creating radioactive forms of the desired element in the sample. As the sample becomes radioactive from the interaction of the neutron particle source and the nuclei of the element’s atoms, radioisotopes are formed that subsequently decay, emitting gamma rays unique in half-life and energy. These distinct energysignatures provide positive identification of the targeted element(s) present in the sample, while quantification is achieved by measuring the intensity of the emitted gamma rays that are directly proportionate to the concentration of the respective element(s) in the sample.
The high penetrability for neutrons and gamma radiation ensure that the standardisation of NAA is potentially easy and accurate. As the signal to concentration ratio is nearly matrix independent, the sample preparation is rather easy; therefore, the risk of systematic or random errors is reduced. The analytical procedure can be made faster and more economical by simplifying the standardization procedure.

Applications

Chemistry, geology, archeology, medicine, forensics, nutrition, biology, mining, engineering, high energy physics, precious metal assay, environmental monitoring, etc.

Procedure

1. Preparation: Weigh the samples into polyethylene bags/vials using analytical balance; prepare standards using micropipettes/analytical balance; dry solutions/samples totally before heat sealing vials/bags; pack samples in compartments set by reactor.
2. Irradiation: Irradiation of the samples using pneumatic system of the reactor. Ideally, the samples are irradiated in a "lazy susan" facility that revolves around the core thereby ensuring that the samples and standards experience the same neutron fluence.
3. Identification: Measure the gamma-spectra, evaluate the spectra (determine the peak areas at the given gamma-lines). Identify the isotopes in the spectra using gamma library.
4. Determination: Determine the elemental concentrations and their uncertainties using standard method.

Materials

• A source of neutrons
• Gamma-ray detectors
• Sample material
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