Abbott Architect i2000, belonging to the Architect family of chemical and immunoassay systems, is a reputable and high-quality chemical analyzer designed and manufactured in Japan, testing more than 55 analyses, with a maximum throughput of 200 tests per hour. The system is partly an open reagent system. Immunodiagnostic assays analyze antigen and antibody responses to infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, immune allergies, and neoplastic diseases. An antigen is a foreign substance that enters a patient's body and causes the immune system to respond. These substances often include toxins, tumors or microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi. Antibodies are proteins produced by the body's immune system in response to an antigen. The antigen-antibody response is a natural defense against invading organisms. Most immunochemical systems employ fluorescence as their working principle. Fluorescence is the emission of electromagnetic radiation at one wavelength by a substance after absorbing energy at another wavelength. This reaction takes place in the photometer section of the analyzer. The two main methods are known as fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FFIA) and chemiluminescence immunoassay. Nephelometric and enzyme immunoassays are less commonly used methods of immunochemical analysis. Some enzymatic methods are known as: Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA), Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Immunodiagnostic research falls into two broad categories. Analysis for infectious disease is called serology testing, while assessment of the patient's immune system is called immunodysfunction analysis. Some immunology instruments may include comprehensive testing for routine chemistry or therapeutic drugs. Serological tests are divided into 4 main groups, as listed. The most common tests in these groups are listed below: bacterial test for syphilis, Lyme disease, Legionnaires' disease, chlamydia, strep virus test for mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr's disease, rubella, hepatitis, rabies, HIV , AIDS, Herpes fungal tests Histoplasmosis, Bacillus, Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus parasite tests Toxoplasmosis, Amoebiasis Immune dysfunction tests for the diagnosis of inflammatory states, tumor states, nephrotic syndrome , liver disease, and immune dysfunction that often leads to cancer. The most common dysfunction tests are: quantitative immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) cryoglobulin test rheumatism and connective tissue disease test complement component (C3, C4, C1) antinuclear antibody (ANA) anti-scleroderma ( SCl-70) antibody test total hemolytic complement (CH50) anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) test anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) test anti-parietal cell antibody (APCA) test IgE antibody cardiolipin antibody cytoplasmic neutrophil antibody (ANCA) anti-sperm Antibody test Alzheimer's disease marker tumor marker.