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The misfolding of natively folded proteins into amyloid aggregates is associated with a broad range of pathology in humans. One of the most widely studied amyloidogenic peptides is the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. The aggregation of this peptide is known to be associated with the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD), which is the most common cause of dementia today. Deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. There are two major isoforms of Aβ: the 42-residue Aβ42 and the 40-residue Aβ40. The only difference between Aβ42 and Aβ40 is that Aβ42 has two extra residues at the C-terminus. The amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's brains consist of mostly Aβ42 and some plaques contain only Aβ42, even though Aβ40 concentration is several-fold more than Aβ42.