Analysis of Biopharmaceutical Lyophilizate Appearance and Structural State by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) (CAT#: STEM-B-0425-CJ)

XRD is employed during lyophilization process development and supports results obtained from scanning electron microscopy, BET analysis and Karl-Fischer titration in defining optimal freeze-drying conditions.

Biopharmaceutica

1. Obtain a few tenths of a gram (or more) of the material, as pure as possible.
2. Grind the sample to a fine powder, typically in a fluid to minimize inducing extra strain (surface energy) that can offset peak positions, and to randomize orientation. Powder less than ~10 μm(or 200-mesh) in size is preferred.
3. Place into a sample holder or onto the sample surface.
4. For unit cell determinations, a small amount of a standard with known peak positions (that do not interfere with the sample) can be added and used to correct peak positions.

• Sample: Proteins, Peptides, Nucleic acids, Naturally-occurring compounds & more
• Equipment: X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) Instrumentation