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Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) was discovered in 1997. TWEAK the protein encoded by the tweak gene is a cytokine in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. White blood cells (including human resting and activated monocytes, dendritic cells and natural killer cells) are the main source of TWEAK. TWEAK induces apoptosis through a variety of pathways, depending on the cell type, and also promotes endothelial cell proliferation and migration, which can regulate angiogenesis. In chronic injury, over-activated TWEAK pathways can promote pathological tissue changes, including chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis.