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Theonellamides (TNMs) are members of a distinctive family of antifungal and cytotoxic bicyclic dodecapeptides isolated from the marine sponge Theonella sp. And it has been shown that TNMs recognize 3β-hydroxysterol-containing membranes, induce glucan overproduction, and damage cellular membranes.
Sterols are isoprenoid-derived lipids with essential roles in cell structure, function, and physiology. As important components of biological membranes, sterols interact with phospholipids and proteins within the membrane, thereby regulating membrane fluidity, permeability, and membrane protein functions