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Classification of Pummelo (Citrus grandis) Extracts by UV-Vis Spectroscopy (CAT#: STEM-MB-0906-WXH)

Introduction

According to the FAO Statistical bulletin, in 2020 the entire production of Citrus fruits over the world exceeded 70,000 tons Although the main utilization of these fruits to date is juice production, great importance has been given also to other transformed products such as its utilization for jam preparation, as a food supplement ingredient, or its utilization for liquors obtained by cold extraction.
The chemical composition of the final liquor is a complex mixture of compounds with polar and non-polar characteristics that are strictly related to the starting raw material. The quali–quantitative determination of the chemical composition requires the utilization of sensitive and selective analytical apparatus, but obviously quantitative data are also linked to the extraction method, whose parameters could affect the final concentration of a single compound.




Principle

UV-Vis spectroscopy is an analytical technique that measures the amount of discrete wavelengths of UV or visible light that are absorbed by or transmitted through a sample in comparison to a reference or blank sample. This property is influenced by the sample composition, potentially providing information on what is in the sample and at what concentration. The only requirement is that the sample absorb in the UV-Vis region, i.e. be a chromophore. Absorption spectroscopy is complementary to fluorescence spectroscopy. Parameters of interest, besides the wavelength of measurement, are absorbance (A) or transmittance (%T) or reflectance (%R), and its change with time.

Applications

UV/Vis spectroscopy is routinely used in analytical chemistry for the quantitative determination of diverse analytes or sample, such as transition metal ions, highly conjugated organic compounds, and biological macromolecules. Spectroscopic analysis is commonly carried out in solutions but solids and gases may also be studied.

Procedure

1. Calibrate the Spectrometer
2. Perform an Absorbance Spectrum
3. Kinetics Experiments with UV-Vis Spectroscopy

Materials

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer
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