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Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines with antiviral, antiproliferative and immune-modulatory properties. At least 24 subtypes of human IFN–α have been identified, with a molecular mass range from 19 to 26 kDa. The production of IFN-α by DNA-recombinant technology has been focused on IFN-α2a and IFN-α2b, which differ in amino acid sequences by one residue (K23R). They are proteins with a molecular weight of approximately 19 kDa, structurally composed of 165 amino acid residues, mainly used for chronic viral hepatitis B and C, leukemia, multiple myeloma, hairy cell leukemia, melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma, follicular lymphoma and renal cell carcinoma therapy with or without complementary drugs. Recombinant IFN-α2, when expressed in genetically modified bacteria, can be directly stored as insoluble cytoplasmic inclusion bodies or secreted in the periplasmic space, thanks to the introduction of a suitable leader sequence in the constructed expression vector.