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Antibodies are proteins that are produced by the body as a result of the stimulation of antigens. It is a large Y-shaped protein secreted by plasma cells (effector B cells) and used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses. It is found only in the body fluids of vertebrates such as blood and on the surface of the cell membranes of their B cells.
Tapping-mode is an operation mode of atomic force microscope. Individual antibody molecules can be imaged using this mode.