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Lung cancer is one of the most common malicious tumours and one of the main causes of death in developed countries. Lung cancer is classified into two broad groups: small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) (20–25 % frequency of occurrence) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) (70–75 %). The latter category includes adenocarcinomas (25–30 %), squamous cell (30–35 %), and large-cell carcinomas (10–15 %). High lung cancer mortality is primarily because of late diagnosis. Regular screening for early lung cancer symptoms is a promising way of reducing mortality. Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can provide valuable information about the condition of human health.