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Phe metabolism begins with its enzymatic conversion to tyrosine (Tyr), which is a precursor for the biosynthesis of l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and of important neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and adrenaline (epinephrine). It has been observed that patients suffering from inflammatory diseases like infections with HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus (HCV), trauma, sepsis and burns but also healthy older-aged persons may present with moderate elevation of Phe concentrations in the blood, and also the Phe to Tyr ratio (Phe/Tyr) is increased.