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Mucus is a complex fluid of spatially varying properties containing hydrogel-forming glycoproteins (mucins) that enable the exchange of nutrients, provide lubrication, and protect the body from environmental influences. A compact layer of this hydrogel covers the complete gastrointestinal tract, the urogenital tract, and the epithelium of the upper and central airways of the lung. Here, the highly viscous, several micrometers-thick layer of mucus rests on a layer of lower viscosity and watery consistency, the pericilliary layer. This layer enables efficient cilliary beating by allowing only the tips of the cilia to penetrate into the mucus.