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Spatial and temporal control of the actin cytoskeleton in response to local signalling or mechanical cues plays a critical role in development and disease. Underpinning it is the regulation of actin treadmilling, the dynamic transition between the monomeric (G-actin) and polymerized (F-actin) forms of actin, which is controlled by small GTPases of the rho family. One connection between the cytoskeletal dynamics and control of protein function is provided by the RPEL proteins, which act as G-actin sensors. Their regulatory domains contain RPEL motifs (Pfam PF02755), short polypeptide sequences that bind G-actin.