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Carbonic anhydrases (CA) are a large class of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They are involved in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They exhibit wide diversity in tissue distribution and subcellular localization. The CA1 gene is closely related to the CA2 and CA3 genes on chromosome 8. It encodes a cytosolic protein found at the highest level in red blood cells.