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Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16(CXCL16) is a small molecular weight cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It is composed of 254 amino acids and is a type I membrane protein. The human CXCL16 gene is located on chromosome 17. CXCL16 is produced by dendritic cells in the T-cell region of the lymphoid organs and cells in the red pulp of the spleen. The inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α can induce the expression of CXCL16. CXCL16 interacts with the chemokine receptor CXCR6, also known as Bonzo. Injection of folic acid forced CXCL 16 to methylate, inducing high levels of methylation by the CXCL 16 gene promoter in the colon, ileum, and lungs, while also causing iNKT cells to accumulate in these tissues.