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Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a neurotrophic factor that promotes the survival of different neuronal subsets at different stages of development in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. The functional human GDNF ligand is a disulfide bonded homologous dimer consisting of two 15kDa polypeptide chains. GDNF is produced by sersupport cells, type 1 astrocytes, Schwann cells, neurons, pineal cells, and skeletal muscle cells. It is a secretory protein that promotes the survival of motor neurons, midbrain dopaminergic neurons, Purkinje cells, and sympathetic neurons. The survival efficiency of GDNF on spinal motor neurons was 100 times higher than that of neurotrophic protein. In mouse models of Parkinson's disease, GDNF has been found to improve conditions such as slow movement, stiffness and postural instability.