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PYY shares high sequence homology and structural homology (PP-fold) with neuropeptide Y (NPY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and together belong to the NPY regulatory peptide family. PYY is a linear polypeptide containing 36 amino acids, and its concentration is greatest in the terminal ileum, colon and rectum. There are mainly two forms of PYY1-36 and PYY3-36 in the circulatory system. The current research hotspot is their mechanism and role in the occurrence and treatment of obesity and diabetes. PYY can regulate appetite and body weight balance through the hypothalamic appetite regulation mechanism.