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Surfactant protein D (SP-D), with a molecular weight of 43kDa, is a member of the collagen lectin family with innate immune regulation. It is secreted constitutively by alveolar lining cells and epithelial cells associated with tubular structures, and is induced in cardiac smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Human SP-D exists in serum, plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and amniotic fluid. SP-D plays an important role in the body's defense and innate immunity. SP-D binds neutrophil defensins and regulates antiviral defense. Current research shows that SP-D is involved in the occurrence and development of various lung diseases and can be used as a biomarker for these diseases.