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Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a macromolecular glycoprotein secreted by thyroid follicular epithelial cells, most of which are synthesized by thyroid cells and released into the residual cavity of thyroid follicles. Factors such as TSH, iodine deficiency in the thyroid, and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin can stimulate its production. In patients with congenital hypothyroidism, Tg detection can differentiate between complete thyroid defect and thyroid hypoplasia. Thyroglobulin is also considered a unique marker of thyroid body integrity. It is a tumor marker of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), and can be used as an important reference index for follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after treatment. It can also be used to differentiate subacute thyroiditis from pseudo thyrotoxicosis.